High efficiency of livestock ammonia emission controls in alleviating particulate nitrate during a severe winter haze episode in northern China
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Zhenying Xu, Mingxu Liu, Minsi Zhang, Yu Song, shuxiao wang, Lin Zhang, Tingting Xu, Tiantian Wang, Caiqing Yan, Tian Zhou, Yele Sun, Y. P. Pan (+3 others)
Abstract
Abstract. Although nitrogen oxide (NOx) emission controls have been
implemented for several years, northern China is still facing high
particulate nitrate (NO3-) pollution during severe haze events
in winter. In this study, the thermodynamic equilibrium model (ISORROPIA-II)
and the Weather Research and Forecast model coupled with chemistry (WRF-Chem)
were used to study the efficiency of NH3 emission controls on
alleviating particulate NO3- during a severe winter haze
episode. We found that particulate-NO3- formation is almost NH3-limited in
extremely high pollution but HNO3-limited on the other days. The improvements in manure management of livestock husbandry
could reduce 40 % of total NH3 emissions (currently
100 kt month−1) in northern China in winter. Consequently, particulate
NO3- was reduced by approximately 40 % (on average from 40.8
to 25.7 µg m−3). Our results indicate that reducing livestock
NH3 emissions would be highly effective in reducing particulate
NO3- during severe winter haze events.
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