Anthropogenic and volcanic point source SO<sub>2</sub> emissions derived from TROPOMI on board Sentinel-5 Precursor: first results
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Vitali Fioletov, Chris McLinden, Debora Griffin, Nicolas Theys, Diego G. Loyola R., Pascal Hedelt, Nickolay Krotkov, Can Li
Abstract
Abstract. The paper introduces the first TROPOMI-based sulfur dioxide (SO2)
emissions estimates for point sources. A total of about 500 continuously
emitting point sources releasing about 10 kt yr−1 to more than 2000 kt yr−1 of SO2, previously identified from Ozone
Monitoring Instrument (OMI) observations, were analyzed using TROPOMI (TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument)
measurements for 1 full year from April 2018 to March 2019. The annual
emissions from these sources were estimated and compared to similar
estimates from OMI and Ozone Mapping Profiling Suite (OMPS) measurements.
Note that emissions from many of these 500 sources have declined significantly
since 2005, making their quantification more challenging. We were able to
identify 274 sources where annual emissions are significant and can be
reliably estimated from TROPOMI. The standard deviations of TROPOMI vertical
column density data, about 1 Dobson unit (DU, where 1 DU =2.69×1016 molecules cm−2) over the tropics and 1.5 DU over high
latitudes, are larger than those of OMI (0.6–1 DU) and OMPS (0.3–0.4 DU). Due
to its very high spatial resolution, TROPOMI produces 12–20 times more
observations over a certain area than OMI and 96 times more than OMPS.
Despite higher uncertainties of individual TROPOMI observations, TROPOMI
data averaged over a large area have roughly 2–3 times lower
uncertainties compared to OMI and OMPS data. Similarly, TROPOMI annual
emissions can be estimated with uncertainties that are 1.5–2 times lower
than the uncertainties of annual emissions estimates from OMI. While there
are area biases in TROPOMI data over some regions that have to be removed
from emission calculations, the absolute magnitude of these are modest,
typically within ±0.25 DU, which can be comparable with SO2 values
over large sources.
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