GEOSPATIAL INFORMATION ON LAND USE/LAND COVER OF THE COASTLINE ENVIRONMENT IN AKWA IBOM STATE BETWEEN 1986 AND 2018
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JJ Essien, KA Uchua, UE Udoh, JE Ezugwu, MI Nwaigwe, PD Mhambe
Abstract
Akwa Ibom State is one of the States of the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria. The dynamic nature of the Niger Delta region makes it one of the most prominentecosystems in the world. This region has experienced dramatic environmental changes over time from both human-induced and natural processes. Assessing and monitoring the coastal and marine changes makes provision for information relevant to managing and planning the natural environments and human infrastructures in an area.Most studies on coastal and marine change in Akwa Ibom State and the Niger Delta Regionhave focused on classes and features such as erosion and accretion. However,considering the magnitude of environmental change in this region based on the increased human and climatic activities, adequate efforts are required in planning and proffering solutions for sustainable development.This study aims at assessing the land use/land cover of the coastal and marine environmentsof the Niger Delta Region of Nigeria, with a view to generate information on changes experienced between 1986 to 2018 using three (3) time periods; 1986, 2003 and 2018 for the purpose of sustainability development and adaptively managing future occurrence and damages. Landsat TM of 1986, Enhance Thematic Mapper plus (ETM+) of 2003, and the Operational Land Imager (OLI) of 2018 data were used for this study. Result from this study showed thatthere was significant reduction in the area coverage of the Bare land over time, while there was progressive increase in the area coverage of the Built Up, Farmland, and Water Body. The progressive increase in the area coverage of Built Up, Farmland and Water Body may be attributed to both anthropogenicfactors, including Government policies, developmental activities, urbanization, and natural factors such as climate change, flooding and gully erosion. The scenario was different with regards to Forested Area, as increase was observed between 1986 and 2003 and decrease between 2003 and 2018, which may be attributed to inconsistent environmental policies as well as human actions with regards to environmental protection. A comprehensive environmental protection approach is recommended to ensure sustainable livelihoods and development in the area. A combination of geospatial technique and conventional empirical analysis could enhance further elucidation of the causes and pattern of environmental changes, for informed decision-making and sustainable development in the area.
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Date 2020-12-06
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