{"DOI":"10.30843/nzpp.2013.66.5659","abstract":"DNA sequencing and optimisation of allelespecific primers targeting the G143A mutation which confers resistance in Venturia inaequalis (apple black spot) to quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides was used to develop a resistance testing method for orchard surveys The method confirmed the resistance status of 15 V inaequalis isolates that were classified as sensitive or resistant to trifloxystrobin using a mycelial growth assay Disease caused by four isolates carrying the G143A mutation was not controlled by the QoI fungicide trifloxystrobin in an inoculated potted tree experiment In a survey of 41 apple orchards in Hawkes Bay Nelson Otago and Waikato during 201112 the G143A mutation occurred in 54 of 802 V inaequalis isolates and 59 of orchards had more than 50 of isolates with the mutation present The results indicate that orchards with a high G143A mutation frequency can be expected to experience loss of black spot control where QoI fungicides are used","author":[{"family":"Viljanen-Rollinson","given":"S.L.H."},{"family":"Thompson","given":"S.M."},{"family":"Keenan","given":"S."},{"family":"Bulman","given":"S.R."},{"family":"Wright","given":"P.J."},{"family":"Wood","given":"P.N."},{"family":"Park","given":"N.M."},{"family":"Beresford","given":"R.M."}],"id":"unknown","issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,8]]},"page-first":"284","publisher":"New Zealand Plant Protection Society","title":"Resistance of Venturia inaequalis to quinone outside inhibitor (QoI) fungicides in New Zealand apple orchards","type":"article-journal","volume":"66"}