{"DOI":"10.21203/rs.3.rs-161952/v1","abstract":"Abstract\n Extreme drought of 1876\u20131878 occurred in most regions of Northern China after the industrial revolution which has led to a series of social impacts, including harvest failure, price inflation, and population immigration. Concurrently, most regions of Northern Hemisphere occurred extreme drought. Here, we used the reconstructed high-resolution hydroclimatic (PDSI/precipitation) datasets, investigated the seasonal-annual hydroclimatic spatial patterns and drought intensity with time evolution from 1876 to 1878 in North China. Furthermore, we selected combined Sea Surface Temperature (SST) modes with positive IOD/PDO and El Ni\u00f1o from the 1200-year control run simulations of HadCM3 to diagnose the causes of this severe drought. The extent and intensity of selected SST mode was similar with that in Pacific and Indian Ocean during the 1876\u20131878 from NOAA/ERSST dataset. The results showed that the large-scale drought of 1876\u20131878 was mainly driven by El Ni\u00f1o and positive PDO, while the effect of IOD was not significant. El Ni\u00f1o may trigger Circumglobal Teleconnection of Northern Hemisphere, and meridional disturbance of mid-latitude Rossby wave train changed the intensity of trough and ridge, and further blocked water vapor transportation.","author":[{"family":"Hao","given":"Zhixin"},{"family":"Bai","given":"Mengxin"},{"family":"Xiong","given":"Danyang"},{"family":"Liu","given":"Yang"},{"family":"Zheng","given":"Jingyun"}],"id":"unknown","issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,18]]},"publisher":"Research Square","title":"Severe Droughts of 1876-1878 in North China and Possible Causes","type":"post"}