Vision Impairment and Productivity Among Female Garment Workers in Bangladesh
A Cohort Study release_f2tc4dpnhbdmvkpvrhqfrjkq5u

by Munir Ahmed, Mashuda Khatun Shefali, Lutful Husain, Mahbuba Khondaker, Mohammed Alauddin, Mohammad Awlad Hossain, A.K.M. Nurul Kabir, Noelle Whitestone, David Hunter Cherwek, Nathan Congdon, Jennifer L. Patnaik

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abstracts[] {'sha1': '408676a89b9e0d85a3136f58425f9f9951ab62c5', 'content': 'To assess the prevalence of near and correctable distance visual impairment among screened participants in the garment industry and to explore associations with income, age, and urban versus rural residence.\nVision screenings were conducted at 4 garment factories, 2 urban and 2 rural locations during September and October 2019. Distance vision impairment was the presence of uncorrected vision of <6/12 in either eye, correctable to ≥6/7.5 with distance refraction. Near vision impairment was defined as 1 or more of the following: 1) either eye with presenting near vision <N8 at 40\u200acm with distance visual acuity >6/12 in the same eye; 2) having been prescribed near add spectacle power in examination records; and/or 3) clinical diagnosis of presbyopia at the time of screening. Demographic information and monthly income were self-reported by questionnaire completion.\nAmong 915 participating workers (100% female, 18 to 70\u200ayears), 29.2% (n\u200a=\u200a267) and 26.8% (n\u200a=\u200a245) had correctable distance and near vision impairment respectively. Prevalence of near vision impairment was significantly higher among rural residents (34.2%, n\u200a=\u200a160), compared to urban (19.0%, n\u200a=\u200a85, P\u200a<\u200a0.0001) with the largest differences in the 35 to 39 (68.2% vs 44.2%, P\u200a=\u200a0.0019) and 40+ (85.9 vs 48.9%, P\u200a<\u200a0.0001) year age ranges. Prevalence of near vision impairment was already high among urban (20.4%, n\u200a=\u200a20) and rural (23.0%, n\u200a=\u200a17) workers aged 30 to 34\u200ayears. In simple linear regression models, participants with near vision impairment earned $13.3 [standard error (SE) 2.44, P\u200a<\u200a0.0001] less per month than those without, while urban residents earned $40.6 (SE 1.74, P\u200a<\u200a0.0001) more than rural dwellers. In the final multivariate linear model, both near vision impairment ($6.51 lower monthly earnings, SE 1.84, P\u200a=\u200a0.0004) and urban residence ($43.2 higher monthly earnings, SE 2.39, P\u200a<\u200a0.0001) remained significantly associated with income.\nThis study found high rates of near vision impairment among female garment workers, particularly rural dwellers, and at a younger age than expected. The high prevalence and association between near vision impairment and lower income suggest that focusing on industries with a high proportion of female workers, such as readymade garments, may be effective in addressing gender disparities in vision impairment and its economic impact.', 'mimetype': 'text/plain', 'lang': 'en'}
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release_date 2022-01-13
release_stage published
release_type article-journal
release_year 2022
subtitle A Cohort Study
title Vision Impairment and Productivity Among Female Garment Workers in Bangladesh
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volume Publish Ahead of Print
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crossref.subject ['Ophthalmology', 'General Medicine']
crossref.type journal-article
pubmed.pub_types ['Journal Article']