Birth Order and Sibling Gender Ratio of a Clinical Sample The Role of Lead Exposure on Attention-Deficit/ Hyperactivity Disorder ‎ in Children: A Systematic Review release_euqxcv67pnhzxowgmhkyabicba

Abstract

Objective: Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common behavioral ‎ disorders in children effecting the families and society. This systematic review examined ‎ the literature on the role of lead exposure in children with ADHD ‫‏‬ ‫‏‬ ‫‏‬ symptoms. Articles were ‎ analytically compared, focusing on the methodology used to assess exposure and ‫‏‬ ‫‏‬ ‫‏‬ adverse ‎ effects ‫‏‬ ‫‏‬ ‫‏‬on children with ADHD. ‎ Method:‫‏‬ Using the search strategy from six databases (Pub Med, PsycINFO, Web of Science, SID, ‎ IRAN Medex, IRAN DOC), hand searching in key journals, list of references of selected ‎ articles and gray literature, without time and language limitation, articles up to May 2014 ‎ were entered into this review. In this review, 1,387 articles were acquired at the primary ‎ search. Study selection and quality assessment processes were done based on Cochrane ‎ library guidelines. After assessing the quality and inclusion and exclusion criteria, 18 articles ‎ were selected and entered into the data synthesis.‎ Results: Blood Lead level (BLL) of less than 10µg/dL in children has been attributed to at least one ‎ type of ADHD i.e., Combined / Inattentive / Hyperactive-Impulsive. The results of this ‎ study revealed that in 16 out of the 18 studies, a significant association was found between ‎ BLL and one of the types of ADHD.‎ Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, even the BLL of less than the action level of 10µg/dL, ‎ chosen by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), may affect children with ‎ ADHD.‎
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