Climate impacts on multidecadal <i>p</i>CO<sub>2</sub> variability in the North Atlantic: 1948–2009 release_emxuu53t2fcezckdkxzwr6t3q4

by Melissa L. Breeden, Galen A. McKinley

Published in Biogeosciences by Copernicus GmbH.

2016   Volume 13, Issue 11, p3387-3396

Abstract

&lt;strong&gt;Abstract.&lt;/strong&gt; The North Atlantic is the most intense region of ocean CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; uptake in term of units per area. Here, we investigate multidecadal timescale variability of the partial pressure of CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; (&lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;) that is due to the natural carbon cycle, using a regional model forced with realistic climate and preindustrial atmospheric &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; for 1948–2009. Large-scale patterns of natural &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; variability are primarily associated with basin-averaged sea surface temperature (SST) that, in turn, is composed of two parts: the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and a long-term positive SST trend. The North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) drives a secondary mode of variability. For the primary mode, positive AMO and the SST trend modify &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; with different mechanisms and spatial patterns. Positive AMO is also associated with a significant reduction in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in the subpolar gyre, due primarily to reduced vertical mixing; the net impact of positive AMO is to reduce &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in the subpolar gyre. Through direct impacts on SST, the net effect of positive AMO is to increase &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; in the subtropical gyre. From 1980 to present, long-term SST warming has amplified AMO impacts on &lt;i&gt;p&lt;/i&gt;CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;.
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