A Multidimensional Approach, Inspired by Depth Realism and the Criminological Imagination, to the Cartographic Exploration of Restorative Justice and the Reconstruction of this 'Chaotic Conception' into a 'Double-Focus Analytic Lens'
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by
Paula Hirschmann, Université D'Ottawa / University Of Ottawa, Université D'Ottawa / University Of Ottawa
References
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Both of which are dimensions considered to be important to those advancing a realist approach (see Mills, 1959; Layder, 1993). Bourdieu emphasizes the importance of this ‗force' when stating that -all sociology should be historical and all history sociological‖ (Wacquant, 1989, p. 37).
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Bourdieu's (1972/1977) notion of temporal structures will be manipulated later in the chapter in order to explain the specific case of classificatory systems within the practice of restorative justice. This vague reference was meant to reflect the importance of time and history and their value as a distinct (but interconnected) structural influence. struggles involved in their production and reproduction; it is the second of two lenses used to create an apparatus for the visualization of restorative justice. The final chapter explores the construction of this apparatus and the potential use and value of the visuality established. that it is the relationship between the two upon which we should concentrate (1984, p. 65).
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Sayer states that -[t]o be practically adequate, knowledge must generate expectations about the world and about the results of our actions that are actually realized‖ (1984, p. 66). This
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Sayer speaks of intersubjectivities in his conception of the social world and how it is partially ‗concept-dependent' (1984, p. 32).
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This is not to suggest that what was produced in this thesis was itself a ‗theory'. Theory takes on a multitude of meanings within scholarly texts, to the extent that it becomes almost devoid of meaning (Sayer, 1984; Craib, 1992;
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Blaikie, 2000).
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From this chaos, Sayer identifies three distinct notions of theory: an -ordering framework‖ which does not problematize the meaning of the data being ordered; a conceptualization of some phenomenon; and as a synonym of hypothesis or explanation (1984, p. 49). From these, the second notion can most accurately describe the practice of theorising demonstrated in this thesis; it involved a reconstruction of restorative justice and its component parts, acknowledging the relationships between thought objects and real objects, the material and immaterial, all of which constitute such a conceptualization (Sayer, 1984). However, the model or map of restorative justice alone does not itself constitute a ‗theory';
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it can actually be considered the primary step, enabling further processes through which ‗theory' is born (see Willer, 1967;
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Blaikie, 2000). The implications of the model's construction (in relation to theory building) will be discussed more below.
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Similarly, Willer notes that models cannot be validated or proven true or false, only determined to be useful, and productive, or not (1967, pp. 20~21, 24~25; see also Blaikie, 2000, p. 171).
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