25 Years of Self-Organized Criticality: Solar and Astrophysics
release_awfajsl2wfaohbzx5ol4i5sdmu
by
Markus J. Aschwanden, Norma Crosby, Michaila Dimitropoulou, Manolis
Georgoulis, Stefan Hergarten, James MdAteer, Alexander V. Milovanov, Shin
Mineshige, Laura Morales, Naoto Nishizuka, Gunnar Pruessner, Raul Sanchez,
Surja Sharma (+2 others)
2014
Abstract
Shortly after the seminal paper "Self-Organized Criticality: An
explanation of 1/f noise" by Bak, Tang, and Wiesenfeld (1987), the idea has
been applied to solar physics, in "Avalanches and the Distribution of
Solar Flares" by Lu and Hamilton (1991). In the following years, an inspiring
cross-fertilization from complexity theory to solar and astrophysics took
place, where the SOC concept was initially applied to solar flares, stellar
flares, and magnetospheric substorms, and later extended to the radiation belt,
the heliosphere, lunar craters, the asteroid belt, the Saturn ring, pulsar
glitches, soft X-ray repeaters, blazars, black-hole objects, cosmic rays, and
boson clouds. The application of SOC concepts has been performed by numerical
cellular automaton simulations, by analytical calculations of statistical
(powerlaw-like) distributions based on physical scaling laws, and by
observational tests of theoretically predicted size distributions and waiting
time distributions. Attempts have been undertaken to import physical models
into the numerical SOC toy models, such as the discretization of
magneto-hydrodynamics (MHD) processes. The novel applications stimulated also
vigorous debates about the discrimination between SOC models, SOC-like, and
non-SOC processes, such as phase transitions, turbulence, random-walk
diffusion, percolation, branching processes, network theory, chaos theory,
fractality, multi-scale, and other complexity phenomena. We review SOC studies
from the last 25 years and highlight new trends, open questions, and future
challenges, as discussed during two recent ISSI workshops on this theme.
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