Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: From Pathogenesis to Clinical Impact release_ajris6jokreq7amza3447f2ysm

by Alfredo Caturano, Carlo Acierno, Riccardo Nevola, PIA CLARA PAFUNDI, Raffaele Galiero, Luca Rinaldi, Teresa Salvatore, Luigi Elio ADINOLFI, Ferdinando Carlo Sasso

Published in Processes by MDPI AG.

2021   p135

Abstract

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is caused by the accumulation of fat in over 5% of hepatocytes in the absence of alcohol consumption. NAFLD is considered the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS). Recently, an expert consensus suggested as more appropriate the term MAFLD (metabolic-associated fatty liver disease). Insulin resistance (IR) plays a key role in the development of NAFLD, as it causes an increase in hepatic lipogenesis and an inhibition of adipose tissue lipolysis. Beyond the imbalance of adipokine levels, the increase in the mass of visceral adipose tissue also determines an increase in free fatty acid (FFA) levels. In turn, an excess of FFA is able to determine IR through the inhibition of the post-receptor insulin signal. Adipocytes secrete chemokines, which are able to enroll macrophages inside the adipose tissue, responsible, in turn, for the increased levels of TNF-α. The latter, as well as resistin and other pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, enhances insulin resistance and correlates with endothelial dysfunction and an increased cardiovascular (CV) risk. In this review, the role of diet, intestinal microbiota, genetic and epigenetic factors, low-degree chronic systemic inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and endoplasmic reticulum stress on NAFLD have been addressed. Finally, the clinical impact of NAFLD on cardiovascular and renal outcomes, and its direct link with type 2 diabetes have been discussed.
In application/xml+jats format

Archived Files and Locations

application/pdf  1.4 MB
file_e35q7hnhavbufeohqj4d6kjysq
res.mdpi.com (publisher)
web.archive.org (webarchive)
Read Archived PDF
Preserved and Accessible
Type  article-journal
Stage   published
Date   2021-01-11
Language   en ?
Container Metadata
Open Access Publication
In DOAJ
In ISSN ROAD
In Keepers Registry
ISSN-L:  2227-9717
Work Entity
access all versions, variants, and formats of this works (eg, pre-prints)
Catalog Record
Revision: de6e4cc2-b42f-4ab5-b9bb-f894c95c263d
API URL: JSON