Risk Factors for Sudden Infant Death in North Carolina
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Merick M. Yamada, Michael B. Rosamilia, Karen E. Chiswell, Alfred D'Ottavio, Tracy Spears, Claire Osgood, Marie Lynn Miranda, Nina Forestieri, Jennifer S. Li, Andrew P. Landstrom
Abstract
<jats:bold>Background:</jats:bold> Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is the sudden, unexplained death of infants &lt;1 year old. SIDS remains a leading cause of death in US infants. We aim to identify associations between SIDS and race/ethnicity, birth weight/gestational age, and socioeconomic/environmental factors in North Carolina (NC) to help identify infants at risk for SIDS.<jats:bold>Methods and Results:</jats:bold> In this IRB-approved study, infant mortality 2007–2016 and death certificate-linked natality 2007–2014 were obtained from the NC Department of Health and Human Services. General, NC natality statistics 2007–2016 were obtained from CDC Wonder. Association between SIDS/total infant death and covariates (below) were calculated. Total infant mortality decreased 2007–2016 by an average of 14 deaths/100,000 live births per year, while SIDS incidence remained constant. Risk ratios of SIDS/total infant deaths, standardized to Non-Hispanic White, were 1.76/2.41 for Non-Hispanic Black and 0.49/0.97 for Hispanic infants. Increased SIDS risk was significantly and independently associated with male infant sex, Non-Hispanic Black maternal race/ethnicity, young maternal age, low prenatal care, gestational age &lt;39 weeks, birthweight &lt;2500 g, low maternal education, and maternal tobacco use (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &lt; <jats:italic>0.01</jats:italic>). Maternal previous children now deceased also trended toward association with increased SIDS risk.<jats:bold>Conclusions:</jats:bold> A thorough SIDS risk assessment should include maternal, socioeconomic, and environmental risk factors as these are associated with SIDS in our population.
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