StimDust: A 1.7 mm^3, implantable wireless precision neural stimulator
with ultrasonic power and communication
release_7homulkjeffqrgukyazolw255y
by
David K. Piech, Benjamin C. Johnson, Konlin Shen, M. Meraj Ghanbari,
Ka Yiu Li, Ryan M. Neely, Joshua E. Kay, Jose M. Carmena, Michel M. Maharbiz,
Rikky Muller
2018
Abstract
Neural stimulation is a powerful technique for modulating physiological
functions and for writing information into the nervous system as part of
brain-machine interfaces. Current clinically approved neural stimulators
require batteries and are many cubic centimeters in size: typically much larger
than their intended targets. We present a complete wireless neural stimulation
system consisting of a 1.7 mm^3 wireless, batteryless, leadless implantable
stimulator (the "mote"), an ultrasonic wireless link for power and
bi-directional communication, and a hand-held external transceiver. The mote
consists of a piezoceramic transducer, an energy storage capacitor, and a
stimulator integrated circuit (IC). The IC harvests ultrasonic power with high
efficiency, decodes stimulation parameter downlink data, and generates
current-controlled stimulation pulses. Stimulation parameters are time-encoded
on the fly through the wireless link rather than being programmed and stored on
the mote, enabling complex stimulation protocols with high-temporal resolution
and closed-loop capability while reducing power consumption and on-chip memory
requirements. Uplink data indicates whether the mote is currently stimulating;
it is encoded by the mote via backscatter modulation and is demodulated at the
external transceiver. We show that the system operates at an acoustic power one
fifth the FDA limit for diagnostic ultrasound and is robust to expected
real-world acoustic link misalignment. We investigate the performance of the
system with motes acutely implanted with a cuff on the sciatic nerve of
anesthetized rats and show highly repeatable stimulation across a wide range of
physiological responses.
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