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A retrospective analysis of the clinical features, imaging characteristics, and treatment of 78 adult MMD patients enrolled from March 2010 to March 2013 was performed. The MMD patients in our series were between 23 and 53 years old, and the male to female ratio was 4:1. The main clinical manifestations were sensory abnormalities, headache, and motor dysfunction, depending on the type of MMD. Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was detected in 54 patients (69.2%), cerebral infarction in 20 (25.6%), and ICH together with cerebral infarction in 4 (5.1%). Using computed tomography angiography (CTA), magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), and digital subtraction angiography (DSA), stenotic or occlusive lesions were observed in the internal carotid artery, anterior cerebral artery, and middle cerebral artery. Aneurysms accompanying MMD were found in 17 of the patients (21.8%). Ultimately, 21 patients underwent multiple burr-hole surgery and 57 underwent bypass surgery with or without temporalis muscle sticking. Fourteen patients underwent aneurysm embolization. The clinical manifestations of MMD vary, though the most common is ICH. DSA is the gold standard method for the diagnosis of MMD, and should be performed as early as possible in clinically suspected cases. CTA and MRA are non-invasive techniques used for MMD patient screening and follow-up.", "mimetype": "application/xml+jats"}]}, "access": [{"access_type": "wayback", "access_url": "https://web.archive.org/web/20210613063302/https://assets.researchsquare.com/files/rs-576399/v1/4def0883-eb1d-4ca2-9f46-6b70b29fa024.pdf", "mimetype": "application/pdf", "size_bytes": 3124560, "thumbnail_url": "https://blobs.fatcat.wiki/thumbnail/pdf/94/b5/94b5302d309b850797120093d48f8bfbfc2d7b48.180px.jpg"}]}, {"ref": {"source_release_ident": "5o7uadtby5f23canm2s32he5my", "source_work_ident": "nzvjh2deovfhxl54al5lry4ydq", "source_release_stage": "published", "source_year": 2019, "ref_index": 2, "ref_key": "4099_CR2", "target_release_ident": "7f7nvwcrgnal3iv7lpblyiwmwe", "target_work_ident": "wf72ylalmnc43fl7hxlvaa3jgq", "match_provenance": "crossref", "match_status": "exact", "match_reason": "doi"}, "release": {"state": "active", "ident": "5o7uadtby5f23canm2s32he5my", "revision": "8f2013d1-6520-4c1b-8d31-547e0a512ca2", "extra": {"crossref": {"alternative-id": ["4099"], "funder": [{"DOI": "10.13039/501100011821", "award": ["HI12C0066"], "doi-asserted-by": "crossref", "name": "Ministry of Education \u2013 Kingdom of Saudi Arabi"}], "subject": ["Pediatrics, Perinatology, and Child Health", "Clinical Neurology", "General Medicine"], "type": "journal-article"}, "pubmed": {"pub_types": ["Journal Article"]}}, "title": "Panobinostat, a histone deacetylase inhibitor, rescues the angiogenic potential of endothelial colony-forming cells in moyamoya disease", "work_id": "nzvjh2deovfhxl54al5lry4ydq", "container": {"state": "active", "ident": "abaedbm3ifb3xji5ax3rwcwbwm", "revision": "d83a11c9-fd66-4fd2-a25b-f693559a7bb5", "extra": {"abbrev": "Childs Nerv Syst", "country": "de", "ezb": {"color": "red", "ezb_id": "1492"}, "ia": {"sim": {"peer_reviewed": true, "pub_type": "Scholarly Journals", "scholarly_peer_reviewed": true, "sim_pubid": "16150", "year_spans": [[1990, 1996]]}}, "kbart": {"clockss": {"year_spans": [[1985, 2022]]}, "lockss": {"year_spans": [[2013, 2019]]}, "portico": {"year_spans": [[1985, 2022]]}, "scholarsportal": {"year_spans": [[1985, 2020]]}}, "languages": ["en"], "publisher_type": "big5", "sherpa_romeo": {"color": "green"}, "urls": ["https://www.springer.com/medicine/surgery/journal/381", "https://link.springer.com/journal/381"]}, "name": "Child's Nervous System", "publisher": "Springer-Verlag", "issnl": "0256-7040", "issne": "1433-0350", "issnp": "0256-7040", "wikidata_qid": "Q15762919"}, "files": [{"state": "active", "ident": "biebvlqerfg5hpqd4xf2pfu75i", "revision": "a5772db1-f8e8-462d-9ca6-3766c76743ce", "extra": {"shadows": {"scimag_doi": "10.1007/s00381-019-04099-y", "scimag_id": "74578867"}}, "size": 2970659, "md5": "2a2acc477ae907aa4c3544a8aa7933a8", "sha1": "b589d5dec02274939cd0b9858846af2eaa67cbf2", "sha256": "111395fb6d3bf563ef29dba02f93d91e738dc1718f2a4292ac2dd61cb371e6d5", "urls": [], "mimetype": "application/pdf", "release_ids": ["5o7uadtby5f23canm2s32he5my"]}], "webcaptures": [], "container_id": "abaedbm3ifb3xji5ax3rwcwbwm", "release_type": "article-journal", "release_stage": "published", "release_date": "2019-02-27", "release_year": 2019, "ext_ids": {"doi": "10.1007/s00381-019-04099-y", "pmid": "30815722"}, "volume": "35", "issue": "5", "pages": "823-831", "publisher": "Springer Nature", "language": "en", "contribs": [{"index": 0, "raw_name": "Anshika Jangra", "role": "author", "extra": {"seq": "first"}}, {"index": 1, "raw_name": "Seung Ah Choi", "role": "author"}, {"index": 2, "raw_name": "Eun Jung Koh", "role": "author"}, {"index": 3, "raw_name": "Youn Joo Moon", "role": "author"}, {"index": 4, "raw_name": "Kyu-Chang Wang", "role": "author"}, {"index": 5, "raw_name": "Ji Hoon Phi", "role": "author"}, {"index": 6, "raw_name": "Ji Yeoun Lee", "role": "author"}, {"index": 7, "raw_name": "Seung-Ki Kim", "role": "author"}], "abstracts": [{"sha1": "47bb9a269ce0eb21df9d94a14cd0a17249b78b31", "content": "Moyamoya disease (MMD) is one of the most common causes of pediatric stroke. We found defective angiogenic function and downregulation of retinaldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (RALDH2) in MMD endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs). Downregulation of RALDH2 mRNA was caused by decreased binding of acetyl-histone H3 (Ac-H3) to the RALDH2 promoter. In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, panobinostat, to upregulate RALDH2 expression and restore the angiogenic potential of MMD ECFCs.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "lang": "en"}, {"sha1": "b03948df8194c6a4d06eeb64ccc114ab13e218e8", "content": "ECFCs from healthy normal controls and patients with MMD were isolated and characterized. After panobinostat treatment, western blot, tube formation, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays were conducted in vitro. A matrigel plug assay was performed in vivo.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "lang": "en"}, {"sha1": "3d1b0ee249a5b8ff398dc645f24bf1c5cfe22135", "content": "Panobinostat increased the levels of Ac-H3 and Ac-H4 in both normal and MMD ECFCs but was much more effective in MMD ECFCs. Increased expression of RALDH2 by panobinostat was observed only in MMD ECFCs. Panobinostat increased the tube formation of both normal and MMD ECFCs in vitro and in vivo, but the effect was greater with MMD ECFCs.", "mimetype": "text/plain", "lang": "en"}, {"sha1": "75f911a008ac988684388ef48659c83f0a2c8d68", "content": "We demonstrated that panobinostat increases the angiogenic ability of MMD ECFCs by regulating RALDH2 acetylation. 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