Inhibition of cow's milk allergy development in mice by oral delivery of β‐lactoglobulin derived peptides loaded PLGA nanoparticles is associated with systemic whey‐specific immune silencing
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M. Liu, S. Thijssen, C.F. van Nostrum, W.E. Hennink, J. Garssen, L.E.M. Willemsen
Abstract
2-4% Of infants are affected by cow's milk allergy (CMA), which persists in 20% of cases. Intervention approaches using early oral exposure to cow's milk protein or hydrolyzed cow's milk formula are being studied for CMA prevention. Yet, concerns regarding safety and/or efficacy remain to be tackled in particular for high-risk non-exclusively breastfed infants. Therefore, safe and effective strategies to improve early life oral tolerance induction may be considered.
We aim to investigate the efficacy of CMA prevention using oral pre-exposure of two selected 18-AA β-lactoglobulin derived peptides loaded poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) in a whey-protein induced CMA murine model.
The peptides were loaded in PLGA NPs via a double emulsion solvent evaporation technique. In vivo, 3-week old female C3H/HeOuJ mice received 6 daily gavages with PBS, whey, Peptide-mix, a high or low dose Peptide-NPs, or empty-NP plus Peptide-mix, prior to 5 weekly oral sensitizations with cholera toxin plus whey or PBS (sham). One week after the last sensitization, the challenge induced acute allergic skin response, anaphylactic shock score, allergen-specific serum immunoglobulins and ex vivo whey-stimulated cytokine release by splenocytes was measured.
Mice pretreated with high-dose Peptide-NPs but not low-dose or empty-NP plus Peptide-mix, were protected from anaphylaxis and showed a significantly lower acute allergic skin response upon intradermal whey challenge compared to whey-sensitized mice. Compared with the Peptide-mix or empty-NP plus Peptide-mix pretreatment, the high-dose Peptide-NPs-pretreatment inhibited ex vivo whey-stimulated pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α release by splenocytes.
Oral pre-exposure of mice to two β-lactoglobulin derived peptides loaded PLGA NPs induced a dose-related partial prevention of CMA symptoms upon challenge to whole whey protein and silenced whey-specific systemic immune response. These findings encourage further development of the concept of peptide-loaded PLGA NPs for CMA prevention towards clinical application.
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