Mechanisms and Attributes of Echo Chambers in Social Media
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by
Bohan Jiang, Mansooreh Karami, Lu Cheng, Tyler Black, Huan Liu
2021
Abstract
Echo chambers may exclude social media users from being exposed to other
opinions, therefore, can cause rampant negative effects. Among abundant
evidence are the 2016 and 2020 US presidential elections conspiracy theories
and polarization, as well as the COVID-19 disinfodemic. To help better detect
echo chambers and mitigate its negative effects, this paper explores the
mechanisms and attributes of echo chambers in social media. In particular, we
first illustrate four primary mechanisms related to three main factors: human
psychology, social networks, and automatic systems. We then depict common
attributes of echo chambers with a focus on the diffusion of misinformation,
spreading of conspiracy theory, creation of social trends, political
polarization, and emotional contagion of users. We illustrate each mechanism
and attribute in a multi-perspective of sociology, psychology, and social
computing with recent case studies. Our analysis suggest an emerging need to
detect echo chambers and mitigate their negative effects.
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