Aggregate Hardware Impairments Over Mixed RF/FSO Relaying Systems With
Outdated CSI
release_5kdjuubxmfbajadyiksburrhke
by
Elyes Balti, Mohsen Guizani, Bechir Hamdaoui, Bassem Khalfi
2019
Abstract
In this paper, we propose a dual-hop RF (Radio-Frequency)/FSO (Free-Space
Optical) system with multiple relays employing the Decode-and-Forward (DF) and
Amplify-and-Forward (AF) with a Fixed Gain (FG) relaying scheme. The RF
channels are subject to a Rayleigh distribution while the optical links
experience a unified fading model emcopassing the atmospheric turbulence that
follows the Málaga distribution (or also called the
M-distribution), the atmospheric path loss and the pointing error.
Partial relay selection (PRS) with outdated channel state information (CSI) is
proposed to select the candidate relay to forward the signal to the
destination. At the reception, the detection of the signal can be achieved
following either heterodyne or Intensity Modulation and Direct Detection
(IM/DD). Many previous attempts neglected the impact of the hardware
impairments and assumed ideal hardware. This assumption makes sense for low
data rate systems but it would no longer be valid for high data rate systems.
In this work, we propose a general model of hardware impairment to get insight
into quantifying its effects on the system performance. We will demonstrate
that the hardware impairments have small impact on the system performance for
low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), but it can be destructive at high SNR values.
Furthermore analytical expressions and upper bounds are derived for the outage
probability and ergodic capacity while the symbol error probability is obtained
through the numerical integration method. Capitalizing on these metrics, we
also derive the high SNR asymptotes to get valuable insight into the system
gains such as the diversity and the coding gains. Finally, analytical and
numerical results are presented and validated by Monte Carlo simulation.
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