From galactic bars to the Hubble tension - weighing up the astrophysical evidence for Milgromian gravity
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by
Indranil Banik, Hongsheng Zhao
2021
Abstract
Astronomical observations reveal a major deficiency in our understanding of
physics - the detectable mass is insufficient to explain the observed motions
in a huge variety of systems given our current understanding of gravity,
Einstein's General theory of Relativity (GR). This missing gravity problem may
indicate a breakdown of GR at low accelerations, as posited by Milgromian
dynamics (MOND). We review the MOND theory and its consequences, including in a
cosmological context where we advocate a hybrid approach involving light
sterile neutrinos to address MOND's cluster-scale issues. We then test the
novel predictions of MOND using evidence from galaxies, galaxy groups, galaxy
clusters, and the large scale structure of the Universe. We also consider
whether the standard cosmological paradigm (ΛCDM) can explain the
observations, and review several previously published highly significant
falsifications of it. Our overall assessment considers both the extent to which
the data agree with each theory and how much flexibility each has when
accommodating the data, with the gold standard being a clear a priori
prediction not informed by the data in question. We also consider some future
tests. Our conclusion is that MOND is favoured by a wealth of data across a
huge range of astrophysical scales, ranging from the kpc scales of galactic
bars to the Gpc scale of the local supervoid and the Hubble tension, which is
alleviated in MOND through enhanced cosmic variance.
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2110.06936v1
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