@article{bekele_2013, 
  title={China's pragmatic presence in Africa}, 
  DOI={10.25365/thesis.30696}, 
  abstractNote={The thesis examined three gray areas.  First, it explained 'how the policy shift from the earlier China-Africa relations to the current FOCAC-bound cooperation was affecting Africa or Ethiopia. Second, it analyzed 'why China established strong partnership with the non-natural resources producing Ethiopia. Thirdly, it compared the impacts of 'China's non-strings attached aid and/or development cooperation' with that of the changes made as a result of  the 'shift in development ideology to which the country switched from neoliberalism to the East Asian Developmental State' in order to measure their relative effects on the country's governance and human rights protection. Drawing on a two - stage analytical framework and pluralist or interdisciplinary methodological perspective, the thesis overall explored the case studies of 'Ethio-China bilateral relations' and 'FOCAC as a multilateral platform' to find out indicators/empirical observations used to verify hypotheses.
 
The data inform that the policy shift from the earlier Sino-Africa relations to the FOCAC platform has been felt in terms of China's commitment of its resources to leverage multi-sectoral development initiatives, such as, the development of infrastructure. Indicators on the dimensions of cooperations in the case studies suggest that natural resources-bound relation is just one aspect of the broader and multisectoral dimensions of China's increased engagement in Africa/Ethiopia. Empirical findings on trade, investment and aid or development partnerships depicted growing trends both at FOCAC and Ethio-China levels of cooperations despite the negative balance of trade. Evidences on Ethio-China peculiar bilateral relations indicated the country has been on China's spotlight in response to the recognitions it accorded to Ethiopia's historic and symbolic diplomatic importance. Ethiopia's leaders were strongly advocating and protecting China's roles in Africa. In addition, the data indicated that the shift from neoliberalism to the East Asian Developmental [...]}, 
  author={Bekele, Alemu Azmeraw}, 
  year={2013}
  }