Social and discourse deictic expressions in pragmatics
<br/> <style type="text/css"> <!-- p {margin: 0; padding: 0;} .ft10{font-size:18px;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;color:#000000;} .ft11{font-size:23px;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;color:#000000;} .ft12{font-size:19px;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;color:#000000;} .ft13{font-size:19px;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS-BoldItalicMT;color:#000000;} .ft14{font-size:19px;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;color:#000000;} .ft15{font-size:19px;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT;color:#000000;} .ft16{font-size:19px;line-height:21px;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT;color:#000000;} .ft17{font-size:19px;line-height:21px;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;color:#000000;} --> </style> <div class="sub_page"> <div id="page1-div" style="position:relative;width:892px;height:1262px;"> <img width="892" height="1262" src="/files/journals/48/articles/5813/629718e756436001.jpg" alt="background image"/> <p style="position:absolute;top:1188px;left:437px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft10">52 </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:90px;left:141px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft11"><b>SOCIAL AND DISCOURSE DEICTIC EXPRESSIONS IN </b></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:116px;left:364px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft11"><b>PRAGMATICS </b></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:142px;left:446px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft12"><b> </b></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:164px;left:334px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft13"><i><b>G.T.Zakhidova (SamTSAU) </b></i></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:185px;left:446px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft14"> </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:207px;left:138px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft13"><i><b>Annotatsiya.</b>Kundalik hayotda odamlar boshqa odamlar bilan muloqot qilish, </i></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:228px;left:85px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft16"><i>munosabatlar o'rnatish, fikr va fikrlarni bo'lishish uchun tilga muhtoj. Til odamlarga <br/>boshqa odamlar bilan muloqot qilishda yordam berishi mumkin. Lekin, aslida, bu dunyoda <br/>juda ko'p tillar mavjud. Shuning uchun biz o'z ona tilidan tashqari boshqa tillarni <br/>tushunishimiz yoki o'rganishimiz kerak. </i></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:307px;left:138px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft13"><i><b>Аннотация.</b> В повседневной жизни людям необходим язык для общения с </i></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:329px;left:85px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft15"><i>другими людьми, чтобы строить отношения, делиться идеями и мыслями. Язык </i></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:350px;left:85px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft15"><i>может помочь людям взаимодействовать с другими людьми. Но на самом деле </i></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:372px;left:85px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft15"><i>языков в этом мире очень много. Следовательно, нам необходимо понимать или </i></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:393px;left:85px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft15"><i>изучать другие языки, помимо родного. </i></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:421px;left:138px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft15"><i> </i></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:443px;left:138px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft14">Every language has deictic term or deixis. Meanwhile, deixis is a branch of </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:464px;left:85px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft17">Pragmatics which concerns the relationship between language and context. Pragmatics is a <br/>subfield of linguistics which studies the ways in which context contributes to meaning. <br/>Through Pragmatics, people can understand what the message actually means behind <br/>utterances. </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:550px;left:138px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft14">Deixis is an important field of language study for learners of second languages, </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:572px;left:85px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft17">because it has some relevance to analysis on utterances both in spoken and written text. <br/>Yule states that, some words in language cannot be interpreted at all unless the context like </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:615px;left:85px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft15"><i>here, there, this, that, now, then, yesterday </i></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:615px;left:437px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft14">as well as most pronouns such as </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:615px;left:715px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft15"><i>I, you, him, </i></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:636px;left:85px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft15"><i>her, them</i></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:636px;left:159px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft14">. According to Yule deictic expressions depend on the immediate physical context </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:658px;left:85px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft17">in which they utter. To interpret those expressions, the speakers need to share the same <br/>context with the listener. </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:701px;left:138px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft14">Deixis is seen as the most direct and most obvious linguistic reflection of relationship </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:722px;left:85px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft17">between language and context. One of deixis' characteristics is its preemptiveness, which <br/>means people prefer to use deictic expression rather than non-deictic ones to refer to <br/>persons, things and entities mentioned in their utterances. The preemptive usage of deixis <br/>has its psychological basis. On the other hand, anti-pre-emptive usage of deixis means <br/>nondeictic words or expressions enjoy a higher priority than deixis. The anti-pre-<br/>emptiveness has its pragmatic functions. The use of deixis in courtroom discourse is <br/>different from ordinary daily communication. Due to the particular social setting and <br/>constitution of the courtroom and the linguistic feature of preciseness of legal language, the <br/>use of anti-preemptiveness of deixis occurs more frequently in courtroom discourse than in <br/>daily conversation. In view of this linguistic phenomenon, the purpose of this paper will <br/>firstly apply Verschueren's Adaptation Theory to develop a theoretical model for the study <br/>of anti-pre-emptive usage of deixis that integrates the physical, social, mental and linguistic <br/>factors functioning in the process of linguistic choice making. The purpose is to analyze the <br/>theoretical foundation, and find out the existing forms of anti-preemptive usage of deixis in <br/>courtroom discourse, and discuss the pragmatic functions of such phenomenon can bring to <br/>courtroom discourse. </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:1066px;left:138px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft14">Deixis has place in pragmatics course, as is written in Thomas that expressions such </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:1088px;left:85px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft14">as </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:1088px;left:107px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft15"><i>this </i></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:1088px;left:140px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft14">and </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:1088px;left:174px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft15"><i>that </i></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:1088px;left:210px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft14">are called deictic expressions. She further explained that deictic expressions </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:1109px;left:85px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft17">are those which derive part of their meaning from their context of utterance. The <br/>phenomenon of deixis raises a number of puzzles about the proper way to think about the <br/>relationship of semantics and pragmatics. Deixis abounds in language use and marks one of </p> </div> </div> <br/> <style type="text/css"> <!-- p {margin: 0; padding: 0;} .ft20{font-size:18px;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;color:#000000;} .ft21{font-size:19px;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;color:#000000;} .ft22{font-size:19px;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;color:#000000;} .ft23{font-size:19px;font-family:ArialMT;color:#000000;} .ft24{font-size:19px;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS-ItalicMT;color:#000000;} .ft25{font-size:19px;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;color:#000000;} .ft26{font-size:19px;line-height:21px;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;color:#000000;} .ft27{font-size:19px;line-height:22px;font-family:TimesNewRomanPSMT;color:#000000;} .ft28{font-size:19px;line-height:22px;font-family:TimesNewRomanPS-BoldMT;color:#000000;} --> </style> <div class="sub_page"> <div id="page2-div" style="position:relative;width:892px;height:1262px;"> <img width="892" height="1262" src="/files/journals/48/articles/5813/629718e756436002.jpg" alt="background image"/> <p style="position:absolute;top:1188px;left:437px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft20">53 </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:89px;left:85px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft26">the boundaries of semantics and pragmatics. In pragmatics, deixis describes words or <br/>expressions the references of which rely absolutely on concept. Deixis is a technical term <br/>for one of the most basic things we do with utterance. When we ask to someone "come <br/>here!" we are using a context in the utterance, such as who is speaking to whom, what <br/>relation they have, the time or place of speaking, the gesture of the speaker and what status <br/>the interaction participants have. In the sentence "I miss you," the word "I" and "you" are <br/>deictic words which do not have permanent reference. They are different from the words <br/>"house", "bag", "table" and "chair", which still have permanent reference even though <br/>different speakers, places, and situations express them. When someone says the word house, <br/>people will be able to imagine its physical performance even if he is not in the place of that <br/>house. Deictic expressions have their most basic uses in face to face spoken interaction <br/>where utterances are easily understood by the people present, but they may need a <br/>translation for someone not right there. Their interpretation depends on the context, the <br/>speaker, and the hearer. </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:391px;left:138px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft21">To conclude, by studying language through pragmatics, one can only talk about people's </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:413px;left:85px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft27">intended meanings, their assumptions, their purposes, or their goal, and kind of actions (such as: <br/>request) that they are performing when they speak. Looking at this problem, the writer tries to <br/>find out a good way to help the readers in getting the exact meaning of a text. It becomes a <br/>background, why the writer chooses that topic. The writer thinks that deixis can help the readers <br/>to solve that problem. By knowing deixis, the readers will be easier to get the target meaning <br/>which contains in a sentence or text. Furthermore, the writer argues that a good step to identify <br/>deixis is by analyzing them that exist in the book and essays. Here, the writer made an analysis <br/>of more than twenty essays to find out what types of deixis is dominantly being used. This <br/>study gave us an understanding about deixis and their usages. This study analyzes deixis in the <br/>text book according to pragmatics field. </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:638px;left:138px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft28"><b> <br/>REFERENCES: </b></p> <p style="position:absolute;top:682px;left:138px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft21">1.</p> <p style="position:absolute;top:682px;left:153px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft23"> </p> <p style="position:absolute;top:682px;left:158px;white-space:nowrap" class="ft21">Anderson, Stephen R. & Edward L. Keenan 1985. Deixis. In: T. 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by G Zakhidova

Abstract

Kundalik hayotda odamlar boshqa odamlar bilan muloqot qilish, munosabatlar o'rnatish, fikr va fikrlarni bo'lishish uchun tilga muhtoj. Til odamlarga boshqa odamlar bilan muloqot qilishda yordam berishi mumkin. Lekin, aslida, bu dunyoda juda ko'p tillar mavjud. Shuning uchun biz o'z ona tilidan tashqari boshqa tillarni tushunishimiz yoki o'rganishimiz kerak.
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